Unity的Animator动画系统-——StateMachineBehaviours，用来实现怪物的行为-程序员宅基地
技术标签： unity Unity3d 手机游戏 unity手游开发 unity3d 游戏开发 3d游戏
Unity的Animator动画系统-——StateMachineBehaviours，用来实现怪物的行为。
文章目录
前言
今天记录下unity的Animator中用到的StateMachineBehaviours这个API
一、StateMachineBehaviours简介
从字面理解，就是状态机行为，官方的解释也都可以查的到，去查unity官方的API就可以了，说下自己的理解，
如图所示，只要继承了StateMachineBehaviours就可以直接使用Add Behaviour添加脚本了，这个抽象类里面有几个关于状态的虚方法，我们可以直接继承类然后去重写，感觉也应该是一整个动画系统的生命周期了，具体脚本这里贴一下
// Decompiled with JetBrains decompiler
// Type: UnityEngine.StateMachineBehaviour
// Assembly: UnityEngine.AnimationModule, Version=0.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null
// MVID: 049BE2AF-E36F-487E-B06E-F49D51A0BAB6
// Assembly location: C:\Program Files\Unity\Editor\Data\Managed\UnityEngine\UnityEngine.AnimationModule.dll
using UnityEngine.Animations;
using UnityEngine.Scripting;
namespace UnityEngine
{
/// <summary>
/// <para>StateMachineBehaviour is a component that can be added to a state machine state. It's the base class every script on a state derives from.</para>
/// </summary>
[RequiredByNativeCode]
public abstract class StateMachineBehaviour : ScriptableObject
{
public virtual void OnStateEnter(
Animator animator,
AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo,
int layerIndex)
{
}
public virtual void OnStateUpdate(
Animator animator,
AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo,
int layerIndex)
{
}
public virtual void OnStateExit(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex)
{
}
public virtual void OnStateMove(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex)
{
}
public virtual void OnStateIK(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// <para>Called on the first Update frame when making a transition to a state machine. This is not called when making a transition into a state machine sub-state.</para>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="animator">The Animator playing this state machine.</param>
/// <param name="stateMachinePathHash">The full path hash for this state machine.</param>
public virtual void OnStateMachineEnter(Animator animator, int stateMachinePathHash)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// <para>Called on the last Update frame when making a transition out of a StateMachine. This is not called when making a transition into a StateMachine sub-state.</para>
/// </summary>
/// <param name="animator">The Animator playing this state machine.</param>
/// <param name="stateMachinePathHash">The full path hash for this state machine.</param>
public virtual void OnStateMachineExit(Animator animator, int stateMachinePathHash)
{
}
public virtual void OnStateEnter(
Animator animator,
AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo,
int layerIndex,
AnimatorControllerPlayable controller)
{
}
public virtual void OnStateUpdate(
Animator animator,
AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo,
int layerIndex,
AnimatorControllerPlayable controller)
{
}
public virtual void OnStateExit(
Animator animator,
AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo,
int layerIndex,
AnimatorControllerPlayable controller)
{
}
public virtual void OnStateMove(
Animator animator,
AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo,
int layerIndex,
AnimatorControllerPlayable controller)
{
}
public virtual void OnStateIK(
Animator animator,
AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo,
int layerIndex,
AnimatorControllerPlayable controller)
{
}
public virtual void OnStateMachineEnter(
Animator animator,
int stateMachinePathHash,
AnimatorControllerPlayable controller)
{
}
public virtual void OnStateMachineExit(
Animator animator,
int stateMachinePathHash,
AnimatorControllerPlayable controller)
{
}
}
}
想详细的了解也可以直接代码里看。
二、用法举例
1.把要用到的虚方法封装一下
public abstract class SealedSMB : StateMachineBehaviour
{
public sealed override void OnStateEnter(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex) {
}
public sealed override void OnStateUpdate(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex) {
}
public sealed override void OnStateExit(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex) {
}
}
2.接下来就可以用到封装好的SealedSMB了，代码如下：
这里用到了泛型的约束必须是继承MonoBehaviour的
public class SceneLinkedSMB<TMonoBehaviour> : SealedSMB
where TMonoBehaviour : MonoBehaviour
{
protected TMonoBehaviour m_MonoBehaviour;
bool m_FirstFrameHappened;
bool m_LastFrameHappened;
public static void Initialise (Animator animator, TMonoBehaviour monoBehaviour)
{
SceneLinkedSMB<TMonoBehaviour>[] sceneLinkedSMBs = animator.GetBehaviours<SceneLinkedSMB<TMonoBehaviour>>();
for (int i = 0; i < sceneLinkedSMBs.Length; i++)
{
sceneLinkedSMBs[i].InternalInitialise(animator, monoBehaviour);
}
}
protected void InternalInitialise (Animator animator, TMonoBehaviour monoBehaviour)
{
m_MonoBehaviour = monoBehaviour;
OnStart (animator);
}
public sealed override void OnStateEnter(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex, AnimatorControllerPlayable controller)
{
m_FirstFrameHappened = false;
OnSLStateEnter(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);
OnSLStateEnter (animator, stateInfo, layerIndex, controller);
}
public sealed override void OnStateUpdate(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex, AnimatorControllerPlayable controller)
{
if(!animator.gameObject.activeSelf)
return;
if (animator.IsInTransition(layerIndex) && animator.GetNextAnimatorStateInfo(layerIndex).fullPathHash == stateInfo.fullPathHash)
{
OnSLTransitionToStateUpdate(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);
OnSLTransitionToStateUpdate(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex, controller);
}
if (!animator.IsInTransition(layerIndex) && m_FirstFrameHappened)
{
OnSLStateNoTransitionUpdate(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);
OnSLStateNoTransitionUpdate(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex, controller);
}
if (animator.IsInTransition(layerIndex) && !m_LastFrameHappened && m_FirstFrameHappened)
{
m_LastFrameHappened = true;
OnSLStatePreExit(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);
OnSLStatePreExit(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex, controller);
}
if (!animator.IsInTransition(layerIndex) && !m_FirstFrameHappened)
{
m_FirstFrameHappened = true;
OnSLStatePostEnter(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);
OnSLStatePostEnter(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex, controller);
}
if (animator.IsInTransition(layerIndex) && animator.GetCurrentAnimatorStateInfo(layerIndex).fullPathHash == stateInfo.fullPathHash)
{
OnSLTransitionFromStateUpdate(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);
OnSLTransitionFromStateUpdate(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex, controller);
}
}
public sealed override void OnStateExit(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex, AnimatorControllerPlayable controller)
{
m_LastFrameHappened = false;
OnSLStateExit(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);
OnSLStateExit(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex, controller);
}
/// <summary>
/// Called by a MonoBehaviour in the scene during its Start function.
/// </summary>
public virtual void OnStart(Animator animator) {
}
/// <summary>
/// Called before Updates when execution of the state first starts (on transition to the state).
/// </summary>
public virtual void OnSLStateEnter(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex) {
}
/// <summary>
/// Called after OnSLStateEnter every frame during transition to the state.
/// </summary>
public virtual void OnSLTransitionToStateUpdate(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex) {
}
/// <summary>
/// Called on the first frame after the transition to the state has finished.
/// </summary>
public virtual void OnSLStatePostEnter(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex) {
}
/// <summary>
/// Called every frame after PostEnter when the state is not being transitioned to or from.
/// </summary>
public virtual void OnSLStateNoTransitionUpdate(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex) {
}
/// <summary>
/// Called on the first frame after the transition from the state has started. Note that if the transition has a duration of less than a frame, this will not be called.
/// </summary>
public virtual void OnSLStatePreExit(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex) {
}
/// <summary>
/// Called after OnSLStatePreExit every frame during transition to the state.
/// </summary>
public virtual void OnSLTransitionFromStateUpdate(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex) {
}
/// <summary>
/// Called after Updates when execution of the state first finshes (after transition from the state).
/// </summary>
public virtual void OnSLStateExit(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex) {
}
/// <summary>
/// Called before Updates when execution of the state first starts (on transition to the state).
/// </summary>
public virtual void OnSLStateEnter(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex, AnimatorControllerPlayable controller) {
}
/// <summary>
/// Called after OnSLStateEnter every frame during transition to the state.
/// </summary>
public virtual void OnSLTransitionToStateUpdate(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex, AnimatorControllerPlayable controller) {
}
/// <summary>
/// Called on the first frame after the transition to the state has finished.
/// </summary>
public virtual void OnSLStatePostEnter(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex, AnimatorControllerPlayable controller) {
}
/// <summary>
/// Called every frame when the state is not being transitioned to or from.
/// </summary>
public virtual void OnSLStateNoTransitionUpdate(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex, AnimatorControllerPlayable controller) {
}
/// <summary>
/// Called on the first frame after the transition from the state has started. Note that if the transition has a duration of less than a frame, this will not be called.
/// </summary>
public virtual void OnSLStatePreExit(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex, AnimatorControllerPlayable controller) {
}
/// <summary>
/// Called after OnSLStatePreExit every frame during transition to the state.
/// </summary>
public virtual void OnSLTransitionFromStateUpdate(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex, AnimatorControllerPlayable controller) {
}
/// <summary>
/// Called after Updates when execution of the state first finshes (after transition from the state).
/// </summary>
public virtual void OnSLStateExit(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex, AnimatorControllerPlayable controller) {
}
}
3.怪物具体的行为类
一会儿用的到
using Gamekit3D.Message;
using UnityEngine;
namespace Gamekit3D
{
[DefaultExecutionOrder(100)]
public class ChomperBehavior : MonoBehaviour, IMessageReceiver
{
public static readonly int hashInPursuit = Animator.StringToHash("InPursuit");
public static readonly int hashAttack = Animator.StringToHash("Attack");
public static readonly int hashHit = Animator.StringToHash("Hit");
public static readonly int hashVerticalDot = Animator.StringToHash("VerticalHitDot");
public static readonly int hashHorizontalDot = Animator.StringToHash("HorizontalHitDot");
public static readonly int hashThrown = Animator.StringToHash("Thrown");
public static readonly int hashGrounded = Animator.StringToHash("Grounded");
public static readonly int hashVerticalVelocity = Animator.StringToHash("VerticalVelocity");
public static readonly int hashSpotted = Animator.StringToHash("Spotted");
public static readonly int hashNearBase = Animator.StringToHash("NearBase");
public static readonly int hashIdleState = Animator.StringToHash("ChomperIdle");
public EnemyController controller {
get {
return m_Controller; } }
public PlayerController target {
get {
return m_Target; } }
public TargetDistributor.TargetFollower followerData {
get {
return m_FollowerInstance; } }
public Vector3 originalPosition {
get; protected set; }
[System.NonSerialized]
public float attackDistance = 3;
public MeleeWeapon meleeWeapon;
public TargetScanner playerScanner;
[Tooltip("Time in seconde before the Chomper stop pursuing the player when the player is out of sight")]
public float timeToStopPursuit;
[Header("Audio")]
public RandomAudioPlayer attackAudio;
public RandomAudioPlayer frontStepAudio;
public RandomAudioPlayer backStepAudio;
public RandomAudioPlayer hitAudio;
public RandomAudioPlayer gruntAudio;
public RandomAudioPlayer deathAudio;
public RandomAudioPlayer spottedAudio;
protected float m_TimerSinceLostTarget = 0.0f;
protected PlayerController m_Target = null;
protected EnemyController m_Controller;
protected TargetDistributor.TargetFollower m_FollowerInstance = null;
protected void OnEnable()
{
m_Controller = GetComponentInChildren<EnemyController>();
originalPosition = transform.position;
meleeWeapon.SetOwner(gameObject);
m_Controller.animator.Play(hashIdleState, 0, Random.value);
SceneLinkedSMB<ChomperBehavior>.Initialise(m_Controller.animator, this);
}
/// <summary>
/// Called by animation events.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="frontFoot">Has a value of 1 when it's a front foot stepping and 0 when it's a back foot.</param>
void PlayStep(int frontFoot)
{
if (frontStepAudio != null && frontFoot == 1)
frontStepAudio.PlayRandomClip();
else if (backStepAudio != null && frontFoot == 0)
backStepAudio.PlayRandomClip ();
}
/// <summary>
/// Called by animation events.
/// </summary>
public void Grunt ()
{
if (gruntAudio != null)
gruntAudio.PlayRandomClip ();
}
public void Spotted()
{
if (spottedAudio != null)
spottedAudio.PlayRandomClip();
}
protected void OnDisable()
{
if (m_FollowerInstance != null)
m_FollowerInstance.distributor.UnregisterFollower(m_FollowerInstance);
}
private void FixedUpdate()
{
m_Controller.animator.SetBool(hashGrounded, controller.grounded);
Vector3 toBase = originalPosition - transform.position;
toBase.y = 0;
m_Controller.animator.SetBool(hashNearBase, toBase.sqrMagnitude < 0.1 * 0.1f);
}
public void FindTarget()
{
//we ignore height difference if the target was already seen
PlayerController target = playerScanner.Detect(transform, m_Target == null);
if (m_Target == null)
{
//we just saw the player for the first time, pick an empty spot to target around them
if (target != null)
{
m_Controller.animator.SetTrigger(hashSpotted);
m_Target = target;
TargetDistributor distributor = target.GetComponentInChildren<TargetDistributor>();
if (distributor != null)
m_FollowerInstance = distributor.RegisterNewFollower();
}
}
else
{
//we lost the target. But chomper have a special behaviour : they only loose the player scent if they move past their detection range
//and they didn't see the player for a given time. Not if they move out of their detectionAngle. So we check that this is the case before removing the target
if (target == null)
{
m_TimerSinceLostTarget += Time.deltaTime;
if (m_TimerSinceLostTarget >= timeToStopPursuit)
{
Vector3 toTarget = m_Target.transform.position - transform.position;
if (toTarget.sqrMagnitude > playerScanner.detectionRadius * playerScanner.detectionRadius)
{
if (m_FollowerInstance != null)
m_FollowerInstance.distributor.UnregisterFollower(m_FollowerInstance);
//the target move out of range, reset the target
m_Target = null;
}
}
}
else
{
if (target != m_Target)
{
if (m_FollowerInstance != null)
m_FollowerInstance.distributor.UnregisterFollower(m_FollowerInstance);
m_Target = target;
TargetDistributor distributor = target.GetComponentInChildren<TargetDistributor>();
if (distributor != null)
m_FollowerInstance = distributor.RegisterNewFollower();
}
m_TimerSinceLostTarget = 0.0f;
}
}
}
public void StartPursuit()
{
if (m_FollowerInstance != null)
{
m_FollowerInstance.requireSlot = true;
RequestTargetPosition();
}
m_Controller.animator.SetBool(hashInPursuit, true);
}
public void StopPursuit()
{
if (m_FollowerInstance != null)
{
m_FollowerInstance.requireSlot = false;
}
m_Controller.animator.SetBool(hashInPursuit, false);
}
public void RequestTargetPosition()
{
Vector3 fromTarget = transform.position - m_Target.transform.position;
fromTarget.y = 0;
m_FollowerInstance.requiredPoint = m_Target.transform.position + fromTarget.normalized * attackDistance * 0.9f;
}
public void WalkBackToBase()
{
if (m_FollowerInstance != null)
m_FollowerInstance.distributor.UnregisterFollower(m_FollowerInstance);
m_Target = null;
StopPursuit();
m_Controller.SetTarget(originalPosition);
m_Controller.SetFollowNavmeshAgent(true);
}
public void TriggerAttack()
{
m_Controller.animator.SetTrigger(hashAttack);
}
public void AttackBegin()
{
meleeWeapon.BeginAttack(false);
}
public void AttackEnd()
{
meleeWeapon.EndAttack();
}
public void OnReceiveMessage(Message.MessageType type, object sender, object msg)
{
switch (type)
{
case Message.MessageType.DEAD:
Death((Damageable.DamageMessage)msg);
break;
case Message.MessageType.DAMAGED:
ApplyDamage((Damageable.DamageMessage)msg);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
public void Death(Damageable.DamageMessage msg)
{
Vector3 pushForce = transform.position - msg.damageSource;
pushForce.y = 0;
transform.forward = -pushForce.normalized;
controller.AddForce(pushForce.normalized * 7.0f - Physics.gravity * 0.6f);
controller.animator.SetTrigger(hashHit);
controller.animator.SetTrigger(hashThrown);
//We unparent the hit source, as it would destroy it with the gameobject when it get replaced by the ragdol otherwise
deathAudio.transform.SetParent(null, true);
deathAudio.PlayRandomClip();
GameObject.Destroy(deathAudio, deathAudio.clip == null ? 0.0f : deathAudio.clip.length + 0.5f);
}
public void ApplyDamage(Damageable.DamageMessage msg)
{
//TODO : make that more generic, (e.g. move it to the MeleeWeapon code with a boolean to enable shaking of camera on hit?)
if (msg.damager.name == "Staff")
CameraShake.Shake(0.06f, 0.1f);
float verticalDot = Vector3.Dot(Vector3.up, msg.direction);
float horizontalDot = Vector3.Dot(transform.right, msg.direction);
Vector3 pushForce = transform.position - msg.damageSource;
pushForce.y = 0;
transform.forward = -pushForce.normalized;
controller.AddForce(pushForce.normalized * 5.5f, false);
controller.animator.SetFloat(hashVerticalDot, verticalDot);
controller.animator.SetFloat(hashHorizontalDot, horizontalDot);
controller.animator.SetTrigger(hashHit);
hitAudio.PlayRandomClip();
}
#if UNITY_EDITOR
private void OnDrawGizmosSelected()
{
playerScanner.EditorGizmo(transform);
}
#endif
}
}
4.ChomperSMBIdle类，去调用ChomperBehavior里的行为
ChomperSMBIdle类，主要是设定了一个时间范围，随机时间去触发怪物行为
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Animations;
namespace Gamekit3D
{
public class ChomperSMBIdle : SceneLinkedSMB<ChomperBehavior>
{
public float minimumIdleGruntTime = 2.0f;
public float maximumIdleGruntTime = 5.0f;
protected float remainingToNextGrunt = 0.0f;
public override void OnStateMachineEnter(Animator animator, int stateMachinePathHash)
{
if (minimumIdleGruntTime > maximumIdleGruntTime)
minimumIdleGruntTime = maximumIdleGruntTime;
remainingToNextGrunt = Random.Range(minimumIdleGruntTime, maximumIdleGruntTime);
}
public override void OnSLStateNoTransitionUpdate(Animator animator, AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo, int layerIndex)
{
base.OnSLStateNoTransitionUpdate(animator, stateInfo, layerIndex);
remainingToNextGrunt -= Time.deltaTime;
if (remainingToNextGrunt < 0)
{
remainingToNextGrunt = Random.Range(minimumIdleGruntTime, maximumIdleGruntTime);
m_MonoBehaviour.Grunt();
}
m_MonoBehaviour.FindTarget();
if (m_MonoBehaviour.target != null)
{
m_MonoBehaviour.StartPursuit();
}
}
}
}
总结
虽然代码比较多，但是思路还是蛮简单的，就是封装好StateMachineBehaviours，根据整个生命周期去触发对应的状态，具体执行放在了怪物的ChomperBehavior身上。今天就先说到这吧。
欢迎大佬多多来给萌新指正，欢迎大家来共同探讨。
如果各位看官觉得文章有点点帮助，跪求各位给点个“一键三连”，谢啦~
声明一下：本博文章若非特殊注明皆为原创原文链接
https://blog.csdn.net/Wrinkle2017/article/details/115697318
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IT巨头英特尔看好中国市场前景-程序员宅基地
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ceph中的radosgw相关总结_radosgw -c-程序员宅基地
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前端数据可视化ECharts使用指南——制作时间序列数据的可视化曲线_echarts 时间序列-程序员宅基地
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ApplicationEventPublisherAware事件发布-程序员宅基地
文章浏览阅读1.6k次。事件类：/** * * * @className: EarlyWarnPublishEvent * * @description:数据风险预警发布事件 * * @param: * * @return: * * @throws: * * @author: lizz * * @date: 2020/05/06 15:31 * */public cl..._applicationeventpublisheraware
自定义View实现仿朋友圈的图片查看器，缩放、双击、移动、回弹、下滑退出及动画等_imageview图片边界回弹-程序员宅基地
文章浏览阅读1.2k次。如需转载请注明出处！点击小图片转到图片查看的页面在Android开发中很常用到，抱着学习和分享的心态，在这里写下自己自定义的一个ImageView，可以实现类似微信朋友圈中查看图片的功能和效果。主要功能需求：1.缩放限制：自由缩放，有最大和最小的缩放限制 2居中显示：.若图片没充满整个ImageView，则缩放过程将图片居中 3.双击缩放：根据当前缩放的状态，双击放大两倍或缩小到原来 4.单指_imageview图片边界回弹