在广域网，光纤SDH/SoNET 网络排错中经常会看到很多缩写。

这里大概总结了下，常用的参数缩写，供大家参考。

SDH error and alarm signals

In SDH overhead, there are a lot of OAM functionalities inter alia used for signaling errors over the transport network.
Here’s an short overview for important signals supported by Cisco.

• Regenerator Section Errors and Alarms
  

  LOS	regenerator section alarm indication signal
  LOF	regenerator section loss of frame
  RS-TIM	regenerator section trace identifier mismatch
  RS-BIP	regenerator section bit errors (BIP parity error)

• Multiplex Section Errors and Alarms
  

  MS-AIS	multiplex section alarm indication signal
  MS-REI	multiplex section path remote error indicator
  MS-RDI	multiplex section path remote defect indicator
  MS-BIP	multiplex section bit errors (BIP parity error)

• Higher-order Path Errors and Alarms
  

  HP-UNEQ	higher-order path unequipped
  HP-TIM	higher-order path trace identifier mismatch
  HP-BIP	higher-order path bit errors
  HP-REI	higher-order path remote error indicator
  HP-RDI	higher-order path remote defect indicator
  HP-PLM	higher-order path payload label mismatch

• Lower-order Path Errors and Alarms
  

  TU-LOP	tributary unit loss of pointer
  TU-NDP	tributary unit new data flag in pointer
  TU-AIS	tributary unit alarm indication signal
  TU-LOM	tributary unit loss of multiframe
  BIP-2/B3	lower-order path bit errors (BIP parity error)
  LP-UNEQ	lower-order path unequipped
  LP-RFI	lower-order path remote failure indicator
  LP-REI	lower-order path remote error indicator
  LP-RDI	lower-order path remote defect indicator
  LP-TIM	lower-order path trace identifier mismatch
  LP-PLM	lower-order path payload label mismatch

• Line Errors and Alarms
  

  AIS-L	line alarm indication signal
  REI-L	line remote error indicator
  RDI-L	line remote defect indicator
  BIP-L	line bit errors (BIP parity error)

Abbreviations for PMON

To work with performance monitoring counters (PMON), you have to know the abbreviations and the values available in the different hierarchical levels.

• Regenerator section

  CV	Code Violations	Number of BIP-n parity violations
  ES	Errored seconds	At least one second interval during which at least one error occurred.
  SES	Severely Errored seconds	A one-second interval during which the BER has exceeded 1 in 10 EE-3.
  SEFS	Severely Errored Framing Seconds	An Severely Errored Framing Second is a second with either one or more OOF defects or a detected AIS defect.

• Multiplex section, higher-order and lower-order (tributary) path
  

  CV	Code Violations	Number of BIP-n parity violations
  ES	Errored seconds	At least one second interval during which at least one error occurred.
  SES	Severely Errored seconds	A one-second interval during which the BER has exceeded 1 in 10 EE-3.
  AUAS	Unavailable seconds	The number of seconds during which the signal is alarmed or experiencing an BER exceeding 1 in 10 EE-3 for 10 consecutive seconds

• Line
  

  LCV	Line Code Violation	Indicates the occurrence of either a Bipolar Violation (BPV) or Excessive Zeros (EXZ) error event.
  PCV	Path Code Violation	Indicates a frame synchronization bit error in the D4 and E1-no CRC formats, or a CRC error in the Extended Superframe (ESF) and E1-CRC formats.
  CSS	Controlled slip seconds	A Controlled Slip Second is a one-second interval containing one or more controlled slips
  SEFS	Severely Errored Framing Seconds	An Severely Errored Framing Second is a second with either one or more OOF defects or a detected AIS defect.
  LES	Line Errored Seconds	Line Errored Seconds (LES) is a second in which one or more Line Code Violation errors are detected.
  DM	Degraded minutes	A degraded minute is one in which the estimated error rate exceeds 1E-6 but does not exceed 1E-3.
  ES	Errored seconds	An errored second is a second in which one ore more PCV, CSS or bipolar violation (non-CRC links) is detected
  BES	Bursty errored seconds	A second with more than one but fewer than 320 Path Coding Violation errors, no Severely Errored Frame defects and no detected incoming AIS defects. Controlled slips are not included in this parameter.
  UAS	Unavailable seconds	A count of the total number of seconds on the interface. This field is calculated by counting the number of seconds that the interface is unavailable.
  SS	Slip seconds	Indicates the replication or deletion of the payload bits of a domestic trunk interface (DS1) frame. A slip might happen when there is a difference between the timing of a synchronous receiving terminal and the received signal.

一些有用的文档：

Troubleshooting Physical Layer Alarms on SONET and SDH Links

Troubleshooting PSE and NSE Events on POS Interfaces

Troubleshooting Bit Error Rate Errors on SONET Links