报错一：npm WARN read-shrinkwrap This version of npm is compatible with lockfileVersion@1, but package-lock.json was generated for lockfileVersion@2. I'll try to do my best with it!

错误信息：

npm WARN read-shrinkwrap This version of npm is compatible with lockfileVersion@1, but package-lock.json was generated for lockfileVersion@2. I'll try to do my best with it!
npm ERR! code EINTEGRITY
npm ERR! sha512-gstzbTWro2/nFed1WXtf+TtrpwxH7Ggs4RLYTLbeVgIkUQOI3WG/JKjgeOU1zXDvezllupjrf8OPIdvTbIaVOQ== integrity checksum failed when using sha512: wanted sha512-gstzbTWro2/nFed1WXtf+TtrpwxH7Ggs4RLYTLbeVgIkUQOI3WG/JKjgeOU1zXDvezllupjrf8OPIdvTbIaVOQ== but got sha512-DxMhY+NAsTwMMFHBTtJFNp5qiHKJ7TeqOo23zVEM9alT1Ml27Q3xcTH0xwxn7Q0BbMcVEJOs/7aQtUWupUQN3Q==. (11952 bytes)

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR!     C:\Users\lmf\AppData\Roaming\npm-cache\_logs\2023-03-09T06_38_33_535Z-debug.log

原因：npm版本不对，需要更新

npm install -g npm

又报错：node版本也太低

npm WARN notsup Unsupported engine for [email protected]: wanted: {"node":"^14.17.0 || ^16.13.0 || >=18.0.0"} (current: {"node":"12.18.3","npm":"6.14.6"})
npm WARN notsup Not compatible with your version of node/npm: [email protected]

npm ERR! code EPERM
npm ERR! syscall rename
npm ERR! path C:\Users\lmf\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\npm\node_modules\.node-gyp.DELETE\node_modules\@npmcli
npm ERR! dest C:\Users\lmf\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\node_modules\@npmcli
npm ERR! errno -4048
npm ERR! Error: EPERM: operation not permitted, rename 'C:\Users\lmf\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\npm\node_modules\.node-gyp.DELETE\node_modules\@npmcli' -> 'C:\Users\lmf\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\node_modules\@npmcli'   
npm ERR!  [OperationalError: EPERM: operation not permitted, rename 'C:\Users\lmf\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\npm\node_modules\.node-gyp.DELETE\node_modules\@npmcli' -> 'C:\Users\lmf\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\node_modules\@npmcli'] {
npm ERR!   cause: [Error: EPERM: operation not permitted, rename 'C:\Users\lmf\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\npm\node_modules\.node-gyp.DELETE\node_modules\@npmcli' -> 'C:\Users\lmf\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\node_modules\@npmcli'] {
npm ERR!     errno: -4048,
npm ERR!     code: 'EPERM',
npm ERR!     syscall: 'rename',
npm ERR!     path: 'C:\\Users\\lmf\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\npm\\node_modules\\.node-gyp.DELETE\\node_modules\\@npmcli',
npm ERR!     dest: 'C:\\Users\\lmf\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\npm\\node_modules\\node-gyp\\node_modules\\@npmcli'     
npm ERR!   },
npm ERR!   errno: -4048,
npm ERR!   syscall: 'rename',
npm ERR!   path: 'C:\\Users\\lmf\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\npm\\node_modules\\.node-gyp.DELETE\\node_modules\\@npmcli',
npm ERR!   dest: 'C:\\Users\\lmf\\AppData\\Roaming\\npm\\node_modules\\npm\\node_modules\\node-gyp\\node_modules\\@npmcli',      
npm ERR!   parent: 'npm'
npm ERR! }
npm ERR!
npm ERR! The operation was rejected by your operating system.
npm ERR! It's possible that the file was already in use (by a text editor or antivirus),
npm ERR! or that you lack permissions to access it.
npm ERR!
npm ERR! If you believe this might be a permissions issue, please double-check the
npm ERR! permissions of the file and its containing directories, or try running
npm ERR! the command again as root/Administrator.

先更新node

更新方法一：

npm install -g n --force后报错

PS D:\kaikeba\projects\vue-trello-backend> n stable     
n : 无法加载文件 C:\Users\lmf\AppData\Roaming\npm\n.ps1，因为在此系统上禁止运行脚本。有关详细信息，请参阅 https:/go.microsoft.co
m/fwlink/?LinkID=135170 中的 about_Execution_Policies。
所在位置 行:1 字符: 1
+ n stable
+ ~
    + CategoryInfo          : SecurityError: (:) []，PSSecurityException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : UnauthorizedAccess

直接官网下载重新安装：下载 | Node.js

安装好后，再次执行npm install -g npm，成功

npm与node版本不一致：查找版本对应关系的地址：以往的版本 | Node.js

 报错二：从git拉取项目npm install 提示The package-lock.json file was created with an old version of npm

使用npm i 后报警告和错误

npm ERR! code 1
npm ERR! path C:\Users\li-671\Downloads\light-blue-vue-admin-master\node_modules\node-sass
npm ERR! command failed
npm ERR! command C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe /d /s /c node scripts/build.js
npm ERR! Building: C:\Program Files\nodejs\node.exe C:\Users\li-671\Downloads\light-blue-vue-admin-master\node_modules\node-gyp\bin\node-gyp.js rebuild --verbose --libsass_ext= --libsass_cflags= --libsass_ldflags= --libsass_library=
npm ERR! gyp info it worked if it ends with ok

能是node.js的版本和node-sass的版本不合

找到node.js和node-sass对应版本：以往的版本 | Node.js 

然后下载node.js: Index of /download/release/v14.21.3/

将环境变量中的node.js路径换成下载的对应node版本

使用npm i 更新

 报错三：安装node-sass时报错，gyp ERR! stack Error: Can't find Python executable "python", you can set the PYT HON env variable.

原因：电脑上没有Python环境，需要安装编译环境

解决：执行npm install --global --production windows-build-tools 即可

参考：gyp ERR! stack Error: Can't find Python executable "python", you can set the PYT HON env variable._兰若惜的博客-程序员宅基地